Dystrophin Genotype and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Dystrophinopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dystrophinopathies are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders due to alterations in dystrophin/DMD expression. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to estimate the association of developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder with the dystrophin/DMD genotype in population with dystrophinopathies. METHODS: Systematic searches of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were performed from inception to September 2022. We included observational studies in the population with Becker or Duchenne muscular dystrophies (BMD, DMD) that estimated the prevalence of these disorders according to Dp140 and/or Dp71 genotype. Meta-analysis of the prevalence ratio (PR) of genotype comparisons was conducted for each disorder. RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the systematic review. In BMD, Dp140+ vs. Dp140- and Dp71+ vs. Dp71- were associated with developmental disorders with a PR of 0.11 (0.04, 0.34) and 0.22 (0.07, 0.67), respectively. In DMD, Dp140+/Dp71+ vs. Dp140- /Dp71- had a PR of 0.40 (0.28, 0.57), and Dp71+ vs. Dp71- had a PR of 0.47 (0.36, 0.63) for ADHD. However, there was no association of genotype with ASD, only a trend was observed for Dp71+ vs. Dp71-, with a PR of 0.61 (0.35, 1.06). Moreover, the data showed no association of these isoforms with emotional-related disorders. CONCLUSIONS: In BMD, Dp140 and Dp71 could be associated with developmental disorders, while ADHD might be associated with the Dp71 genotype in DMD. Further research is needed regarding Dp140 and Dp71, especially in DMD for ASD.

Síndrome hemofagocítico en pacientes con leucemia linfocítica crónica tratados con ibrutinib. A propósito de dos casos / Haemophagocytic syndrome in patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with ibrutinib. Two cases report

Se presentan dos casos de sospecha de síndrome hemofagocítico secundario en pacientes con leucemia linfocítica crónica, tratados con ibrutinib, síndrome que puede ser letal y que tiene lugar por una activación inmune excesiva. En el presente artículo se describe el desarrollo del síndrome, su diagnóstico, el tratamiento y su desenlace, acorde a las guías y protocolos de diagnóstico, actuación y tratamiento. Es destacable por el hecho de ser una reacción adversa rara de la que no se conoce muy bien la causa, multifactorial, de diferente inicio y evolución, como ocurre en los dos casos que se presentan, no recogida en ficha técnica. Se sitúan los casos junto a un pequeño número de casos también publicados. (AU)

We presented two cases of suspected secondary haemophagocytic syndrome in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with ibrutinib, syndrome that could be letal and that occurs due to excessive immune activation. This article describes the evolution, diagnosis, treatment, and denouement, according to protocols and guidelines for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. It is noteworthy, because is a rare adverse event, not present in product monograph, whose cause is not weel known, multifactorial, with different onset and evolution, as in the two cases presented. The cases are placed next to a small number of publicated cases. (AU)

Epidemiological surveillance in COVID- 19 pandemic: EPIVIGILA system. / Epidemiological surveillance in COVID-19 pandemic: EPIVIGILA system.

In March 2020, the first version of EPIVIGILA was deployed in a productive environment a few days after the first local case of COVID- 19. This system is a technological integration plat-form for national epidemiological surveillance of notifiable diseases. Previously, Chile used a manual process that would probably have failed with a peak volume of more than 38 000 daily notifications; in a country with 18 million inhabitants, long and narrow geography, and centralized governance. This work highlights the importance of the national electronic surveillance system EPIVIGILA in managing the pandemic. The systems main strength is its ability to adapt to the needs of reliable, precise, timely, and real- time information. EPIVIGILA was able to include, under the circumstances, different flows, actors, data, and functionalities with high expectations of accuracy. This valuable information allowed the authorities to assess the impact of the measures to manage and control the pandemic. Its versatility positions this platform among the few globally that operates national data with a high level of granularity in a single system through a pandemic. In Chile, EPIVIGILA is the primary source of information for daily reports, epidemiological reports, and data published on government websites about COVID- 19. Thus, electronic systems prove fundamental for public health because the recording and processing of data generate clear, reliable, and timely information, helping authorities make decisions to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, prevent deaths, and improve the populations quality of life.

En marzo 2020 se despliega la primera versión de EPIVIGILA en un ambiente productivo, plataforma de integración tecnológica de vigilancia epidemiológica nacional para enfermedades de notificación obligatoria (a pocos días del caso 1 de COVID- 19 local). Anteriormente, Chile usaba un proceso manual que probablemente hubiese fracasado ante un volumen máximo superior a 38 000 notificaciones diarias, en un país con 18 millones de habitantes, de geografía larga y angosta y gobernanza centralizada. El objetivo del trabajo es relevar la importancia que tiene en el manejo de la pandemia el sistema nacional de vigilancia electrónico EPIVIGILA. La principal fortaleza del sistema es su capacidad de adaptación a las necesidades de información fidedigna, precisa, oportuna y en tiempo real. EPIVIGILA fue capaz de incluir, en el curso de las circunstancias, distintos flujos, actores, datos y funcionalidades con altas expectativas de exactitud. Ello permitió que las autoridades pudieran evaluar el impacto de las medidas implementadas para el manejo y control de la pandemia. Su versatilidad posiciona a esta plataforma entre las pocas en el mundo que opera datos nacionales en una pandemia con un alto nivel de granularidad en un único sistema. En Chile, EPIVIGILA es la principal fuente de información para los reportes diarios, informes epidemiológicos y datos publicados en sitios web gubernamentales sobre COVID- 19. Así, el uso de sistemas electrónicos muestran ser un soporte fundamental para la salud pública, porque el registro y procesamiento de los datos genera información clara, confiable y oportuna, contribuyendo a que las autoridades puedan tomar decisiones orientadas a disminuir la propagación de enfermedades transmisibles, evitar muertes y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.

Vigilancia epidemiológica en pandemia de COVID-19: Sistema EPIVIGILA / Epidemiological surveillance in COVID- 19 pandemic: EPIVIGILA system

En marzo 2020 se despliega la primera versión de EPIVIGILA en un ambiente productivo, plataforma de integración tecnológica de vigilancia epidemiológica nacional para enfermedades de notificación obligatoria (a pocos días del caso 1 de COVID- 19 local). Anteriormente, Chile usaba un proceso manual que probablemente hubiese fracasado ante un volumen máximo superior a 38 000 notificaciones diarias, en un país con 18 millones de habitantes, de geografía larga y angosta y gobernanza centralizada. El objetivo del trabajo es relevar la importancia que tiene en el manejo de la pandemia el sistema nacional de vigilancia electrónico EPIVIGILA. La principal fortaleza del sistema es su capacidad de adaptación a las necesidades de información fidedigna, precisa, oportuna y en tiempo real. EPIVIGILA fue capaz de incluir, en el curso de las circunstancias, distintos flujos, actores, datos y funcionalidades con altas expectativas de exactitud. Ello permitió que las autoridades pudieran evaluar el impacto de las medidas implementadas para el manejo y control de la pandemia. Su versatilidad posiciona a esta plataforma entre las pocas en el mundo que opera datos nacionales en una pandemia con un alto nivel de granularidad en un único sistema. En Chile, EPIVIGILA es la principal fuente de información para los reportes diarios, informes epidemiológicos y datos publicados en sitios web gubernamentales sobre COVID- 19. Así, el uso de sistemas electrónicos muestran ser un soporte fundamental para la salud pública, porque el registro y procesamiento de los datos genera información clara, confiable y oportuna, contribuyendo a que las autoridades puedan tomar decisiones orientadas a disminuir la propagación de enfermedades transmisibles, evitar muertes y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.

In March 2020, the first version of EPIVIGILA was deployed in a productive environment a few days after the first local case of COVID- 19. This system is a technological integration plat-form for national epidemiological surveillance of notifiable diseases. Previously, Chile used a manual process that would probably have failed with a peak volume of more than 38 000 daily notifications; in a country with 18 million inhabitants, long and narrow geography, and centralized governance. This work highlights the importance of the national electronic surveillance system ­ EPIVIGILA ­ in managing the pandemic. The system's main strength is its ability to adapt to the needs of reliable, precise, timely, and real- time information. EPIVIGILA was able to include, under the circumstances, different flows, actors, data, and functionalities with high expectations of accuracy. This valuable information allowed the authorities to assess the impact of the measures to manage and control the pandemic. Its versatility positions this platform among the few globally that operates national data with a high level of granularity in a single system through a pandemic. In Chile, EPIVIGILA is the primary source of information for daily reports, epidemiological reports, and data published on government websites about COVID- 19. Thus, electronic systems prove fundamental for public health because the recording and processing of data generate clear, reliable, and timely information, helping authorities make decisions to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, prevent deaths, and improve the population's quality of life.

The supracondylar process in the skeletal remains of a full-term fetus from Central Spain (V-VII century BC).

A rare case in the remains of a full-term fetus was recovered from the archaeological site 'Arriaca-Zaide' (Guadalajara, Spain) that dates to the century V-VII BC. The right humerus presents an osseous tubercle, fractured at its end that extends obliquely forward and medially, from the anteromedial aspect of the lower third of the humerus. It is a supracondylar process, a rare osseous anatomic variation. The presence of the supracondylar process in the fetal period allowed us to propose its congenital nature. Furthermore, its disposition and state of ossification allowed us to suggest that it was formed from the ossification center of the humeral diaphysis and not from a secondary ossification center. This case represents the first time that the supracondylar process during the fetal period has been described in the anthropological physical literature.

Epileptic disorders in Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dystrophin alterations in the brain have been associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophies (BMD and DMD). Moreover, an association between the mutation site and the risk of epilepsy is not ruled out. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in BMD and DMD populations and to establish a possible association between the site of mutation in the dystrophin gene and the risk of epilepsy. Systematic searches of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were conducted to identify relevant studies published from inception to January 2022. Observational studies of participants with BMD/DMD estimating the prevalence of epilepsy were included. The main outcome was the prevalence of epilepsy, and the secondary outcome was the prevalence ratio considering genotype. A random effects meta-analysis was performed for the prevalence of epilepsy. Eight studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of epilepsy was 7% (95% CI 3-11%) in BMD, 5% (95% CI 2-8%) in DMD, and 5% (95% CI 3-7%) in the overall estimate. No association was observed between mutation site and the prevalence of epilepsy. BMD/DMD is strongly associated with the prevalence of epilepsy, with a higher prevalence in BMD/DMD populations than in the general population, probably owing to alterations in Dp427. The current evidence does not support the hypothesis that Dp140 or Dp71 affect epilepsy risk.

The Safety and Efficacy of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Monoclonal Antibodies for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine: A Protocol for Multiple-Treatment Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common and disabling primary headache disorder, associated with many medical comorbidities, highly prevalent, with complex treatment and management. Currently, monoclonal antibodies targeting the trigeminal sensory neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), are available. The aim of this protocol is to provide a review comparing the effects and safety profile of different monoclonal antibodies in migraine patients. METHODS: The literature search will be performed through the MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), Web of Science and Scopus databases, following the PICO strategy. Real World studies and randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of monoclonal antibodies against CGRP interventions (erenumab, eptinezumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab) on monthly migraine days (MMD), monthly headache days (MHD), headache impact test (HIT-6) and triptan days of use (TriD) will be included. In Real World studies, the DerSimonian and Laird method will be used to calculate pooled estimates of the mean change difference and in randomized clinical trials, a network meta-analysis will be performed to estimate the comparative effects of different monoclonal antibodies against CGRP. RESULTS: The findings of this study will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide evidence to health professionals on the efficacy and safety of different monoclonal antibodies against CGRP on the outcomes studied.

Distracción osteogénica del tercio medio facial. Reporte de dos casos clínicos / Distraction osteogenesis of the midface. Two clinical cases report

La corrección quirúrgica de grandes asimetrías faciales son un desafío para el equipo quirúrgico. En dichos casos, los resultados de la corrección utilizando técnicas quirúrgicas convencionales son limitados, lo que hace necesario la utilización de otras herramientas terapéuticas. La distracción ósea (DO) es una de ellas, pues permite el estiramiento controlado del callo óseo previamente creado mediante osteotomías. La DO permite realizar cambios en el posicionamiento óseo de gran envergadura, favoreciendo el crecimiento óseo como mecanismo de acción. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los resultados quirúrgicos de DO intraoral del tercio medio facial utilizado en dos pacientes con severas asimetrías faciales asociadas a malformaciones de origen genético. Se relata el diagnóstico, la planificación, las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas, técnica quirúrgica y los resultados obtenidos.

Surgical correction of major facial asymmetries is a challenge for the surgical team. In such cases, treatment results from conventional surgical techniques are limited, which requires using other therapeutic tools. Bone distraction is one of them, as it allows controlled stretching of the bone callus previously developed through osteotomies. Distraction osteogenesis allows making changes in large bone positioning, favoring bone growth as an action mechanism. This article aims to describe the surgical results of intraoral distraction osteogenesis of the midface used in two patients with severe facial asymmetries related to congenital malformations. Diagnosis, planning, technological tools, surgical techniques, and results obtained are explained.

Artritis séptica de la articulación temporomandibular como complicación de una celulitis facial: reporte de un caso / Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint after complication of facial cellulitis: case report

La infección del cóndilo mandibular, artritis séptica, es una enfermedad caracterizada por dolor, fiebre, edema y disminución funcional de la articulación temporomandibular. Predomina en hombres adultos y su etiología incluye distintos factores: enfermedades sistémicas, autoinmunes, trauma local y diseminación de infecciones en la región de cabeza y cuello. Se presenta un caso clínico de artritis séptica en articulación temporomandibular como complicación de una celulitis facial infecciosa. El tratamiento consistió en antibioterapia y artrocentesis seriadas con el objetivo de realizar un aseo intraarticular, acompañado de la movilización temprana de la articulación, idealmente con el apoyo de un equipo de kinesiología. Además, son muy importantes los controles periódicos y de larga data para poder obtener un mejor resultado clínico en el paciente, controlar en el largo plazo, minimizando los riesgos de presentar disminución en la dinámica mandibular y/o anquilosis de la articulación.

Mandibular condyle infection, septic arthritis, is a disease characterized by pain, fever, edema, and functional decrease of the temporomandibular joint. It predominates in adult men and its etiology includes different factors: systemic diseases, autoimmune diseases, local trauma and spread of infections in the head and neck region. A clinical case of septic arthritis in the temporomandibular joint as a complication of infectious facial cellulitis is presented. Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy and serial arthrocentesis with the aim of performing an intra-articular cleaning, accompanied by early mobilization of the joint, ideally with the support of a kinesiology team. In addition, long-term and periodic controls are very important in order to obtain a better clinical result in the patient, control in the long term, minimizing the risks of presenting a decrease in mandibular dynamics and / or ankylosis of the joint.

Linfoma de Burkitt asociado a Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Reporte de un caso clínico / Burkitt lymphoma associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. A clinical case report

RESUMEN: El linfoma de Burkitt es un linfoma de células B maduras altamente agresivo, de baja incidencia. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud presenta tres variantes: endémico, esporádico y asociado al Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Este último representa el 30-40% de los linfomas no Hodgkin en pacientes seropositivos para virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. El tratamiento con quimioterapia en combinación a terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad da muy buenos resultados. Se reporta caso de paciente seropositivo para virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana con linfoma de Burkitt en la cavidad oral, tratado con la terapia anteriormente mencionada.

ABSTRACT: Burkitt lymphoma is a highly aggressive mature B-cell lymphoma with a low incidence. According to the World Health Organization, it has three variants: endemic, sporadic and associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The last one represents 30-40% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV seropositive patients. Treatment with chemotherapy in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy gives very good results. Here is the case report of a HIV seropositive patient who developed Burkitt lymphoma in the oral cavity and received this treatment.

Estudio comparativo en la utilización de drenaje postextracción de terceros molares impactados / Comparative study on the use of post-extraction drainage of impacted third molars

Objetivos. Determinar el efecto de la utilización de tubos de drenaje con relación a la respuesta inflamatoria y dolorosa postoperatoria en las exodoncias de terceros molares inferiores impactados. Material y método. Mediante un estudio experimental, aleatorizado, se analizó la respuesta de edema y dolor en 20 pacientes con relación al uso de drenajes, tras la extracción de sus 2 terceros molares inferiores impactados, los cuales debían estar en posición similar. Para ello, en el mismo acto quirúrgico, una herida operatoria se suturó con el objetivo de lograr una cicatrización por primera intención, constituyendo este el lado control. En el lado contralateral se instaló un tubo de drenaje por 48 h en la herida operatoria, siendo este el lado experimental. Para comparar el edema de ambos lados, en cada paciente se realizó una fotografía estandarizada y una medición clínica numérica, preoperatoria y a las 48 h postoperatorias. A su vez, el dolor se evaluó con la escala visual análoga a las 48 h y a la semana postoperatoria. Resultados. Según este estudio, el uso de un tubo de drenaje reduce con diferencia estadísticamente significativa el edema postoperatorio en comparación con las heridas suturadas sin drenaje en la exodoncia de terceros molares inferiores impactados. Por el contrario, no existieron diferencias significativas con relación a la respuesta dolorosa, al comparar ambos lados. Conclusiones. El uso de drenaje posterior a la extracción de terceros molares inferiores impactados reduce el edema, mejorando el bienestar del paciente en el postoperatorio (AU)

Objectives. To determine the effect of the use of drainage tubes in relation to the inflammatory response and postoperative pain in extractions of impacted lower third molars. Material and methods. An experimental, randomized study on the response of edema and pain was conducted on 20 patients in relation to the use of drainage. The patients included had to have underwent extraction of their 2 impacted lower third molars, which had to be in a similar position. The same surgical procedure was used. A surgical wound was sutured in order to achieve healing at first attempt, and was considered the control side. In the contralateral side, a drainage tube was installed for 48 h in the surgical wound, this being the experimental side. To compare the edema of both sides, a standardized clinical photography and a numerical measurement were taken for each patient, preoperative and 48 h after the surgery. The pain was then assessed using the visual analog scale, 48 h and one week after the surgery. Results. According to this study, the use of a drainage tube decreases, with a statistically significant difference, the postoperative edema compared to the wounds sutured without drainage in the extraction of impacted lower third molars. On the other hand, there were no significant differences regarding the pain response when comparing both sides. Conclusions. The use of drainage after removal of impacted third molars reduces the edema, improving patient comfort in the postoperative period (AU)

Circumscribed Hypokeratosis: Report on a Series of 7 Mexican Cases and Review of the Literature.

Circumscribed palmoplantar hypokeratosis is a recently described condition with well-defined clinical and histopathologic features. Eight additional cases from Mexican patients-six cases have been published in the literature, we report 7. In 6 cases, a hyperkeratotic edge was demonstrated histologically. One case was very similar to viral wart. Two of our patients had lesions on their fingers. Since palms and soles are not the only sites that can be affected, we suggest the name circumscribed hypokeratosis. Two of the cases were treated with surgical excision, so this treatment for small lesions is recommended.

Aplicación de técnica de hidróxido de potasio y glicerina para diafanización dentaria / Application of potassium hydroxide and glycerin technique for dental clearing

La diafanización dentaria consiste en lograr transparentar la estructura mineralizada, permitiendo observar la arquitectura interna del diente. Se realiza principalmente a partir de métodos por deshidratación de la muestra. Por otro lado existen técnicas utilizadas para el estudio de centros de osificación basadas en métodos por maceración utilizando hidróxido de potasio y glicerina, de las cuales no se tiene antecedentes de haber sido utilizada en diafanización dentaria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir una técnica de diafanizado por maceración de tejidos dentarios mediante hidróxido de potasio y mostrar el resultado obtenido con un seguimiento de 5 años. Se seleccionó una muestra de 40 dientes (10 incisivos, 6 caninos, 10 premolares y 14 molares). Se limpiaron los dientes (destartraje) y luego se descalcificaron parcialmente con ácido clorhídrico. El 25% de la muestra fue diafanizada con el método clásico de deshidratación. El 75% restante fue diafanizado con el método por maceración, que consistió básicamente en una maceración parcial del diente mediante baños en hidróxido de potasio de baja concentración, luego agregando glicerina en forma ascendente hasta terminar en glicerina pura por tiempo indefinido. La técnica por maceración logró diafanización adecuada de los tejidos con una óptima visualización del sistema de canales radiculares en las muestras diafanizadas. Con ambas técnicas se logró transparentar los dientes pero con diferencias evidentes. Con la primera los dientes lograron un tono amarillento, perdiéndose gran cantidad de tejido dentario en cambio las muestras diafanizadas por maceración conservaron mejor su estructura y obtuvieron un color más cercano al del diente original. Con el método por maceración se obtienen dientes diafanizados más similares a la realidad que lo logrado con el método por deshidratación.

Dental clearing objective is performed to obtain the translucency of the mineralized structure, allowing an appreciation of the inner architecture of the tooth. It is achieved mainly using the dehydration technique on the sample. On the other hand, there are other techniques used for the study of ossification centers based on the maceration methods using potassium hydroxide and glycerin, none of which have been reported for dental clearing. The purpose of this study was to describe the maceration technique of the dental tissue using potassium hydroxide with a five-year follow up. We selected 40 teeth to complete the sample (10 incisors, 6 cuspid, 10 bicuspids and 14 molars). The teeth were cleaned and then partially decalcified with hydrochloric acid. A quarter of the sample was cleared by classic dehydration method. The other three quarters were cleared with the maceration method, that consisted mainly in a partial maceration using potassium hydroxide baths at low concentrations, followed by the addition of glycerin at ascending concentrations and finally using pure glycerin for an undefined period of time. The maceration technique achieved an adequate clearing of the mineralized tissue with an optimal visualization of the root canal system in the cleared sample. With both techniques it was possibly to clear the teeth but with evident differences. With the first technique the teeth achieved a yellowish color, losing a great amount of dental tissue however the maceration technique sample allowed the preservation of more structure and obtained a coloration similar to the original tooth. With the maceration method the samples were more similar to the original ones than the cleared teeth obtained with dehydration.

Comparación de la efectividad de la dosis única frente a la dosis triple de cefazolina como profilaxis antibiótica en cesáreas / Comparison of single versus triple dose of cefazolin in antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section

Determinar la efectividad de la dosis única comparada con la dosis triple de Cefazolina como profilaxis antibiótica para reducir las infecciones post-cesárea. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, transversal y comparativo. Se incluyó 82 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidas a cesárea en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen que recibieron dosis única o dosis triple de Cefazolina en el año 2011. De acuerdo al esquema recibido, se evaluaron las complicaciones infecciosas. Resultados: No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la dosis única y la dosis triple en la incidencia de infecciones totales (9,3% vs 16,4%, p= 0,422), infección del sitio operatorio (7% vs 12,8%, p= 0,793), endometritis (0% vs 2,6%, p= 1,116) e infección del tracto urinario (2,3% vs 0%, p= 0,918). Conclusión: La dosis única de Cefazolina como profilaxis antibiótica fue igual de efectiva como la dosis triple en la prevención de la morbilidad infecciosa post-cesárea...

To compare the effectiveness of single dose versus triple dose of Cefazolinas prophylactic antibiotics in women undergoing cesarean section. Material and Methods: An observational, analytic, retrospective, cross sectional comparative study. Eighty two medical records of women undergoing caesarean section who received either single dose or triple dose in the Almenara Irigoyen Hospital were included. Women were compared on the basis of development of postoperative infections. Results: The study groups did not have statistically significant differences in the incidence of total infections (9,3% vs 16,4%, p= 0,422), wound infections(7% vs 12,8%, p= 0,793), endometritis (0% vs 2,6%, p= 1,116) and urinary tract infection(2,3% vs 0%, p= 0,918). Conclusion: A single prophylaxis dose of Cefazolin was as effective as triple dose in preventing post-caesarean infectious morbidity...

Carcinoma de células escamosas intraóseo primario derivado de un tumor odontogénico queratoquístico: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma derived from a keratocystic odontogenic tumour: Report of a case and a review of the literature

El carcinoma de células escamosas intraóseo primario (CCEIP) derivado de un tumor odontogénico queratoquístico (TOQ) es un tumor odontogénico maligno que se presenta con poca frecuencia y exclusivamente en los huesos maxilares. Afecta a personas de mediana edad, principalmente hombres y usualmente se localiza en la zona posterior mandibular. Clínicamente puede presentar las características clásicas de un tumor odontogénico benigno, aunque también puede asociarse a sintomatología dolorosa y alteraciones de la sensibilidad. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 86 an˜ os de edad en la que se diagnosticó CCEIP derivado de un TOQ. Se describen las características clínicas, radiológicas e histológicas, discutiendo la importanciade tomar biopsia de distintas zonas de una lesión quística caracterizada por afectar amplias zonas de los huesos maxilares (AU)

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) derived from a keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) is a rare malignant bone tumour that exclusively involves the maxillary bones. It affects middle-age patients, mainly men, and is usually located in the posterior mandibular area. Clinically, it may exhibit classic characteristics of benign odontogenic tumors, though it may also be associated with pain and sensitive alterations We present the case of an 86-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a PIOSCC derived from a KCOT. The imaging, clinical, and histological characteristics are described, and the importance of taking a biopsy from different parts of a cystic lesion that is characterized by extensive anatomical area involved are discussed (AU)

Efecto sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto de alcaloides de semilla de Jatropha curcas L. / Effect of the alkaloid extract from Jatropha curcas L. seeds on the intestinal motility

Introducción: estudios preclínicos del extracto total de la raíz de Jatropha curcas L. (piñón blanco) demostraron su efecto antidiarreico, en contraste, ensayos de toxicidad crónica del extracto total de la semilla muestran efecto diarreico. Objetivo: determinar el efecto sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto de alcaloides de semilla de Jatropha curcas L. Métodos: se utilizaron 50 ratones albinos con pesos medios de 25 g, se empleó el método de Arbós y otros; se administró carbón activado al 5 % vía oral, dosis de 0,1 mL/10 g, como marcador intestinal. Los grupos experimentales fueron: agua destilada 0,1 mL/10 g, atropina 1 mg/kg, extracto de alcaloides de semilla de Jatropha curcas 500 y 1 000 mg/kg, respectivamente, y neostigmina 1 g/kg. Para la validación estadística se usó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Tukey, y Newman-Keuls. Resultados: el porcentaje de recorrido del carbón activado fue de 69,21; 36,37; 58,96; 49,65 y 74,17, respectivamente. La prueba de ANOVA demostró diferencias estadísticas (p< 0,05; IC 95 %), y la prueba de Tukey y Newman-Keuls, demostraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo que recibió agua destilada y la planta a 1 000 mg/kg. Conclusiones: se comprobó efecto de disminución de la motilidad intestinal por acción del extracto de alcaloides de Jatropha curcas, en dosis de 1 000 mg/kg.

Introduction: preclinical research studies of Jatropha curcas L. (piñón blanco) root extract proved its antidiarrheal activity; however the chronic toxicity test of the total seed extract demonstrated diarrheal effect. Objectives: to determine the effect of the alkaloid extract from Jatropha curcas L. seeds on the gastrointestinal motility. Methods: fifty albino mice with average weight of 25 g were used. The Arbos et al.´s method was applied. The intestinal marker was 5 % activated charcoal administered at a dose of 0.1 mL/10 g. The experimental groups included 0.1 mL/10 g of distilled water, 1.5 mg/kg of atropine, alkaloid extract of Jatropha curcas L. seeds at doses of 500 and 1 000 mg/kg respectively, and 1 g/kg of neostigmine The statistical validation was based on Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA, and Tukey and Newman-Keuls test. Results: the percentages of the charcoal run were 69.21, 36.37, 58.96, 49.65, and 74.17 respectively. The ANOVA test demonstrated statistical significance (p< 0.05, IC 95 %). Comparative Tukey and Newman-Keuls test showed statistical significance between distilled water and Jatropha curcas at a dose of 1 000 mg/kg. Conclusions: the decrease on the gastrointestinal motility resulting from the effect of the alkaloid extract of Jatropha curcas seeds was proved at a dose of 1 000 mg/kg.

Projeto de extensão homeopatia: saúde e qualidade de vida na 3ª idade / Project homeopathy: health and quality of life for the elderly

Introdução: No Serviço de Homeopatia do HUGG, 50 dos atendimentos são pessoas maiores de 60 anos, justificando um projeto específico e direcionado, no Programa "Homeopatia: Saúde e Qualidade de Vida", em parceria com o “Programa Interdisciplinar de Promoção à Saúde e Qualidade de Vida do Idoso–Grupo Renascer”. O projeto tem seu foco na Extensão Universitária e articula o ensino e a assistência médico-homeopática, avaliando, por meio de questionários, pareceres observacionais e relatórios diários e mensais, a relevância e os resultados de acadêmicos (ensino) das atividades realizadas.

Projeto de extensão “Homeopatia: Saúde e Qualidade de Vida” na 3ª idade / Project “Homeopathy: Health and Quality of Life” for the elderly

Introdução: No Serviço de Homeopatia do HUGG, 50% dos atendimentos são pessoas maiores de 60 anos, justificando um projeto específico e direcionado, no Programa "Homeopatia: Saúde e Qualidade de Vida", em parceria com o “Programa Interdisciplinar de Promoção à Saúde e Qualidade de Vida do Idoso–Grupo Renascer”. O projeto tem seu foco na Extensão Universitária e articula o ensino e a assistência médico-homeopática, avaliando, por meio de questionários, pareceres observacionais e relatórios diários e mensais, a relevância e os resultados de acadêmicos (ensino) das atividades realizadas.

1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles: identification of a potent Aurora kinase inhibitor with a favorable antitumor kinase inhibition profile.

The optimization of a series of 5-phenylacetyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole derivatives toward the inhibition of Aurora kinases led to the identification of compound 9d. This is a potent inhibitor of Aurora kinases that also shows low nanomolar potency against additional anticancer kinase targets. Based on its high antiproliferative activity on different cancer cell lines, favorable chemico-physical and pharmacokinetic properties, and high efficacy in in vivo tumor models, compound 9d was ultimately selected for further development.

PHA-680632, a novel Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity.

PURPOSE: Aurora kinases play critical roles during mitosis in chromosome segregation and cell division. The aim of this study was to determine the preclinical profile of a novel, highly selective Aurora kinase inhibitor, PHA-680632, as a candidate for anticancer therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The activity of PHA-680632 was assayed in a biochemical ATP competitive kinase assay. A wide panel of cell lines was evaluated for antiproliferative activity. Cell cycle analysis. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and Array Scan were used to follow mechanism of action and biomarker modulation. Specific knockdown of the targets by small interfering RNA was followed to validate the observed phenotypes. Efficacy was determined in different xenograft models and in a transgenic animal model of breast cancer. RESULTS: PHA-680632 is active on a wide range of cancer cell lines and shows significant tumor growth inhibition in different animal tumor models at well-tolerated doses. The mechanism of action of PHA-680632 is in agreement with inhibition of Aurora kinases. Histone H3 phosphorylation in Ser10 is mediated by Aurora B kinase, and our kinetic studies on its inhibition by PHA-680632 in vitro and in vivo show that phosphorylation of histone H3 is a good biomarker to follow activity of PHA-680632. CONCLUSIONS: PHA-680632 is the first representative of a new class of Aurora inhibitors with a high potential for further development as an anticancer therapeutic. On treatment, different cell lines respond differentially, suggesting the absence of critical cell cycle checkpoints that could be the basis for a favorable therapeutic window.